INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT AND THE MEDIA
A Curriculum Guide

by Andrew F. Smith

This guide was partially funded by the United States Institute for Peace and the Longview Foundation.

All attempts have been made to seek copyright permission. If we have erred, please advise us.

CONTENT

UNIT A: Media and Conflict

ACTIVITY 1: The Press and Media in America

ACTIVITY 2: Democracy and a Free Press

Reading 2: Democracy and a Free Press

ACTIVITY 3: How News is Gathered and Reported

Reading 3: How Newspapers Influence Public Opinion

ACTIVITY 4: Propaganda

Reading 4A: What is Propaganda?

Reading 4B: Speeches on the Corona-Dingnab War

Reading 4C: Brief List of Propaganda Techniques

ACTIVITY 5: Freedom of the Press and National Security

Reading 5: The Early Years

ACTIVITY 6 The Press and the Military

Reading 6A: The Civil War

Reading 6B: The Spanish-American War

Reading 6C: World War I

Reading 6D: World War II

Reading 6E: The Korean Conflict

Reading 6F: The Vietnam Conflict

Reading 6G: American Intervention in Grenada

Reading 6H: American Intervention in Panama

ACTIVITY 7: Summing Up, The Press in Wartime

UNIT B: The Gulf War

ACTIVITY 8: Images of the Gulf War

ACTIVITY 9: Geography of the Middle East

Map 9A: Urban Population Centers

Map 9B: Religions of the Middle East

Map 9C: Proven Oil Reserves

ACTIVITY 10: Historical Context

Reading 10: Historical Background to the Middle East

Map 10A: Pre-World War I Middle East

Map 10B: The Middle East, 1926

Map 10C: Muslim Population, 1990

Map 10D: The Gulf Region, 1990

ACTIVITY 11: The Political Context

Reading 11A: Problems in the Middle East

Reading 11B: Problems in the Persian Gulf

Reading 11C: The Immediate Causes of the Gulf War

ACTIVITY 12: The Gulf War, Operation Desert Shield

Reading 12A: The Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait

Reading 12B: Time Line

Reading 12C: International Viewpoints on the Gulf War

ACTIVITY 13: The Gulf War, Operation Desert Storm

Reading 13A: The Coalition Attacks

Reading 13B: Time Line

Reading 13C: Results of the War

ACTIVITY 14: Summing Up the Gulf War

UNIT C: The Media and the Gulf War

ACTIVITY 15: The Role of the Press during Wartime

ACTIVITY 16: Communication Technology and Media

Reading 16A: Communication Technology

Reading 16B: The Importance of Television

ACTIVITY 17: The Media in the Gulf War

Reading 17A: The Early Months of the Gulf War

Reading 17B: During the Conflict

Reading 17C: Gulf War Cartoons

Reading 17D: Statistics, Estimates or Lies?

ACTIVITY 18: The Incubator Baby Incident

Reading 18A: Incubator Baby Incident

Reading 18B: Nayirah's Testimony

Reading 18C: President Bush

Reading 18D: The U.N. Security Council

Reading 18E: Middle East Watch's Report

Reading 18F: Amnesty International's Report

Reading 18G: Additional Support

Reading 18H: Incubator Story Disputed

Reading 18I: Sifting for the Truth on Both Sides

Reading 18J: After the War

ACTIVITY 19: The Baby Milk Factory

Reading 19A: Destroyers of a Baby Milk Factory

Reading 19B: Live from the Baby Milk Factory

Reading 19C: The White House Response

Reading 19D: Heavy-handed Propaganda

Reading 19E: Arnett's Response

Reading 19F: Baghdad Gasbag

Reading 19G: Bombing Baghdad

Reading 19H: Baby Milk or Germ Weapons?

ACTIVITY 20: The Bombed Out Bomb Shelter

Reading 20A: The Bomb Shelter?

Reading 20B: US Bombs Hit Crowded Shelter

Reading 20C: Baghdad Gasbag

Reading 20D: Not-So-Strategic Targets Hit

Reading 20E: Civilians Killed

Reading 20F: Bunker Was Legitimate Target

Reading 20G: The White House Response

Reading 20H: Reports from Manilla

Reading 20I: Pentagon Remarks

Reading 20J: Shelter Raid Blasted

Reading 20K: Anger in Amiriya

Reading 20L: Emotions at the Funeral

Reading 20M: World Reaction

Reading 20N: Ripping the Hi-tech Veil

Reading 20O: Allied Raid Kills 700

Reading 20P: "Hundreds Killed" in Bunker

Reading 20Q: Bush Quandary

ACTIVITY 21: The Media's Performance

Reading 21A: The First Casualty

Reading 21B: How Was the Coverage of the War?

ACTIVITY 22: What is the Role of Reporters in War?

Reading 22A: Role Play

Reading 22B: What is the Role of Reporters in Wartime?

ACTIVITY 23: Peter Arnett in Baghdad

Reading 23A: Blaming the Carrier

Reading 23B: Balanced Views?

Reading 23C: Why I Stayed Behind

Reading 23D: Arnett

Reading 23E: Opinion Polls

Reading 23F: Sympathizers

Reading 23G: The Case against CNN and Peter Arnett

ACTIVITY 24: Implications for the Future

Reading 24A: The Real Issues

Reading 24B: Looking to the Future

Reading 24C: Television as an International Actor

ACTIVITY 25: Summing Up

BIBLIOGRAPHY