Europe and the Larger World, Introductory Essay

5

7

26

Part I: Through the Looking Glass

39

     Glossary

47

     Readings

47

Prologue: Phantoms in Silk

49

The Chinese Reconnaissance

50

Poem Commemorating the Journey

51

Down to the Western Ocean

54

Zheng He’s Notes

54

Ma Huan: Impressions of the World

61

The Country of Ku-Li [Calicut] 1433

63

Chinese Maritime Trade in the Ming Era

65

Commercial Activities

66

Things Needful for Merchants who Desire to Make the Journey To Cathay

66

Nautical Technology

70

Evolution of Chinese Maritime Technology

71

Ships and Shipbuilders

73

Navigational Instruments and Techniques

74

Shipguns

75

Guns

76

Winds

79

Chinese Cartography

80

Illegal Trade: Trade Bans and Smuggling Operations

81

Matteo Ricci

82

Jesuit Contributions to Chinese Cartography

85

Asia and the West

88

Six Foreign Visitors to China

89

     A: The Conveyance of a Persian Embassy, 1420-22

90

     B: The First Portugese Embassy to China

92

     C: To Peking and Back

97

     D: The Catholic Century

98

     E: A Chinese Prison in the City of Fucheo

100

     F: Another Viwe of Mongol Society

101

Society and Customs

106

Sa-Tu-La (Sa T’ien-Hsi, Ca. 13400-Ca. 1380)

107

Chinese Images of Foreigners

107

      A: The Discourse of Race in Modern China

107

      B: Images of Aliens

108

      C: Chinese Impressions of the Dutch

109

      D: Khmer Society in Chinese Eyes

111

Muslims in India. Mughal Vs. Mongol. The Advance of Islam

111

     A: The Mughal Army Repulsed

112

     B: Salutation to Ganapati

113

     C: Muslim Invaders, 1330

114

     D: The Baburnarama: Memories of Babur, Prince and Emperor

116

     E: Notes of a Muslim Traveler

119

     F: Samarquandi, 1442

123

     G: Another Point of View: The Travels of Nikitin

125

     H: The Continuing Expansion of Islam

127

The Portugese Arrive in India

127

     A: Vasco Da Gama Reaches India

129

     B: Vasco Da Gama in Calicut, 1498

131

     C: How the Captain Went to the King of Calichut in 1500

135

     D: The Monomotapa Empire in 1517

136

     E: A Different Viewpoint: Indo-Portugese Conflict, Ca. 1578

137

     F: Sultans of Bengal, 1521

138

     G: The Portugese in Malacca and the Spice Islands

139

The European View of the World

139

     A: Sir John Mandevile and the European View

140

     B: The Emergence of the West

142

     C: Crusaders and Missionaries

144

     D: Adam Smith on the Expansion of Europe

145-158

Maps and  Images

Part II: Echoes and Resonances

159

     Glossary

165

     Readings

165

The Arsenal

165

Aldus’s Workshop

166

Kubilai Khan

167

Song of Macuilxochitl

168

Voyage to the New World

171

Christopher Columbus’s Diary

172

Columbus’s Letters to the King and Queen of Spain

175

Columbus’s Conflicts with Indigenous Peoples

177

First Impressions

178

The Legend of Quetzalcóatl

180

 The Popol Vuh: The Booc of Counsel

184

Songs of the Fallen

184

 Indigenous Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico

186

 The Broken Spears

191

 The True Histroy of the Conquest of New Spain

195

The Fall of Tenochtitlan from the Aztec point of View

199

 A Victor’s View of the Spanish Conquest

202

Five Letters

205

 Pizarro

208

Pope Alexander VI’s Bull Intercaetera (1493) and The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

210

 Sins Against the Indians

210

 Sepúlveda’s Position on the Indians

212

In Defence of the Indians

213

 Peaceful Pacification

214

 The Black Death in Italy

216

 The Great Plague of London in 1644

217

Of the Nature and Manners of the People

219

Towards Virginia

221

 Colonizing New England

222

 Christianization of the Indians

225

The Montagnais

229

 Utopia

233

City of a Hill

234

 Slavery in Africa

236

 Friendly Encounters: The Portugese Construct a Fort at Mina

241

 Hostile Encounters: Early Portugese Raiding in Africa

243

 Kongo-Portugese Diplomacy in Central Africa

244

 The Slave Trade in Sixteenth Century Central Africa

247

 King Afonso of Kongo Regulates the Slave Trade, 1526

249

Portugese as Peacemakers in Africa

252

 The Business of Slave Trading in West Africa

254

 Europeans and Enslavement

254

 Portugese Aggression in Angola

256

 Questions and Doubts on the Sierra Leone Slave Trade

258

 The Middle Passage

260

 A Reformed Slave Trader’s Regrets

263

 An African Resistance Movement Against the Slave Trade

265

 Refined Sweetness: A Case Study on Sugar

267

 King James I Condemns Tobacco

268

 Tobacco

269

 The Relative Value of the Potato

271

Bibliography